Macular Degeneration

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), also called macular degeneration, is a common eye condition that affects the macula, the central portion of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. AMD can impact everyday activities such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces.


AMD becomes more common with age and primarily affects central vision rather than peripheral vision. Because early AMD may cause few noticeable symptoms, regular comprehensive eye exams and retinal evaluations are important for early detection and ongoing monitoring.


Dry AMD vs. Wet AMD

There are two primary forms of age-related macular degeneration:


Dry AMD is the most common form and typically progresses gradually as changes occur within the macula and retinal cells deteriorate over time.


Wet AMD is less common but can progress more rapidly. It develops when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath or within the retina and leak blood or fluid, potentially causing sudden central vision loss. Wet AMD requires prompt medical evaluation and treatment.


Patients with dry AMD can sometimes develop wet AMD, so any sudden or significant vision changes should be evaluated by an eye doctor as soon as possible.


Symptoms of Macular Degeneration

AMD affects each person differently, and symptoms may not be noticeable during its earliest stages. As macular degeneration progresses, you may experience:


  • Blurred, hazy, or distorted central vision
  • Straight lines that appear wavy or bent
  • Dark or missing spots in your central vision
  • Difficulty reading or seeing fine details
  • Colors that appear faded
  • Difficulty adapting between bright and dim environments
  • Increased sensitivity to glare or bright light
  • Difficulty recognizing faces

AMD Risk Factors & Prevention

Age and family history are important risk factors for AMD. While macular degeneration cannot always be prevented, healthy lifestyle choices may help support long-term eye and retinal health, including avoiding smoking, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, and eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and leafy greens.


For certain patients, an eye doctor may also recommend AREDS2 vitamins or nutritional supplements to help reduce the risk of AMD progression. Supplements are not appropriate for everyone and should be discussed with your eye care provider.


Treatment for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

There is currently no cure for AMD, but treatment and management options depend on whether you have dry AMD or wet AMD.


Wet AMD is commonly treated with medications that target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to help control abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage.


Dry AMD management may include regular retinal monitoring, lifestyle and nutritional recommendations, and, for certain patients, newer treatment options such as Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT), also known as photobiomodulation (PBM).


Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT) for Dry AMD

Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT), or photobiomodulation (PBM), is a non-invasive treatment option that may be appropriate for certain patients with dry age-related macular degeneration.


PBM uses specific wavelengths of light designed to stimulate cellular activity and support the health and function of retinal cells. Research continues to evaluate photobiomodulation for dry AMD, including its potential role in supporting retinal health and visual function.


LLLT/PBM does not replace regular AMD monitoring or other treatments recommended by your eye doctor. If you've been diagnosed with dry AMD, our team can evaluate your retinal health, monitor changes over time, and determine whether Low-Level Light Therapy for dry AMD may be an appropriate part of your personalized macular degeneration treatment and management plan.


Protect Your Vision

Early detection and ongoing monitoring are important when managing age-related macular degeneration. If you've noticed changes in your central vision, have a family history of AMD, or have already been diagnosed with dry AMD, schedule a comprehensive eye exam.

Our team can evaluate your macular and retinal health, discuss your AMD treatment options, and help determine whether photobiomodulation or Low-Level Light Therapy may be right for you.

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